1. Describe Pavlov's demonstration of classical
conditioning and the key elements in this form of learning.
2. Discuss how classical conditioning may shape phobias,
other emotional responses, and physiological processes.
3. Describe the classical conditioning phenomena of
acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, and higher-order
conditioning.
4. Describe the processes of stimulus generalization and
discrimination and summarize the classic study of Little Albert.
Operant Conditioning
5. Describe Thorndike's law of effect and Skinner's
principle of reinforcement.
6. Describe the prototype experimental procedures and
apparatus used in studies of operant conditioning.
7. Describe the operant conditioning phenomena of
acquisition, shaping, and extinction.
8. Explain how stimuli govern operant behavior and how
generalization and discrimination occur in operant conditioning.
9. Discuss the role of delayed reinforcement and
conditioned reinforcement in operant conditioning.
10. Identify various types of schedules of reinforcement
and conditioned reinforcement and discuss their typical effects
on responding.
11. Explain the distinction between positive reinforcement
and negative reinforcement.
12. Describe and distinguish between escape learning and
avoidance learning.
13. Explain Mowrer's two-process theory and the role of
negative reinforcement in avoidance behavior.
14. Describe punishment and its effects and list six
guidelines for making punishment more effective.
New Directions in the Study of Conditioning
15. Discuss the implications of instinctive drift,
conditioned taste aversion, and preparedness for traditional
views of conditioning and learning.
16. Describe research on blocking, sensory
preconditioning, and signal relations in classical conditioning
and explain their theoretical importance.
17. Explain how response-outcome relations (including
noncontingent enforcement) may influence operant behavior.
Observational Learning
18. Discuss the nature and importance of observational
learning.
19. Describe the Featured Study on observational learning
and aggression.
Putting in in Perspective
20. Explain how this chapter highlighted two of the
text's unifying themes.
Application: Achieving Self-Control Through Behavior Modification
21. List and discuss the five steps in a self-modification program.
Take a practice Quiz/Test (A)
or (AP)
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