Chapter 9

KEY CONCEPTS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

1. List and describe the principle categories of psychological tests.
2. Discuss the concepts of standardization and test norms.
3. Explain the meaning of test reliability and validity and how they are estimated.

THE EVOLUTION OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING

4. Summarize the contributions of Galton, Binet, Terman, and Wechsler to the evolution of intelligence testing.

BASIC QUESTIONS ABOUT INTELLIGENCE TESTING

5. List and describe the major functions of intelligence testing and the use of IQ tests in non-Western cultures.

6. Explain the meaning of an individual's score on a modern intelligence test.

7. Describe the reliability and validity of modern intelligence tests.

8. Discuss the stability of IQ scores and how well they predict vocational success.

EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCE

9. Describe how mental retardation is defined and divided into various levels.

10. Discuss the causes of mental retardation and programs for the retarded.

11. Discuss the identification of gifted children, their personal characteristics, and programs for the gifted.

HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT AS DETERMINANTS OF INTELLIGENCE

12. Summarize evidence from twin studies and adoption studies on whether heredity affects intelligence and discuss the concept of heredity.

13. Summarize evidence from research on adoption, environmental deprivation or enrichment, and home environment showing how experience shapes intelligence.

14. Using the concept of reaction range, explain how heredity and the environment interact to affect intelligence.

15. Discuss proposed explanations for observed cultural differences in IQ scores and describe the Featured Study on interracial adoption.

16. Discuss the possible contributions of stereotype vulnerability and cultural bias to ethnic differences in IQ scores.

NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE ASSESSMENT AND STUDY OF INTELLIGENCE

17. Describe new trends in the assessment and study of intelligence.

18. Describe Sternberg's and Gardner's theories of intelligence.

PUTTING IT IN PERSPECTIVE

19. Discuss how the chapter highlighted three of the text's unifying themes.

MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING CREATIVITY

20. Discuss popular ideas about the nature of creativity.

21. Describe creativity tests and summarize how well they predict creative achievement.

22. Discuss associations between creativity and personality, intelligence, and mental illness.

Terms

Key People