Mr. Owings Psychology Social Psychology 1. Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to: A. clarify reality. B. maintain personal control. C. gain social approval. D. demonstrate self-restraint. E. avoid deindividuation. 2. Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among ________ in cultures that value ________. A. men; individualism B. women; individualism C. men; collectivism D. women; collectivism 3. Bill, a white college student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Bill has become increasingly hostile toward black students on campus. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of: A. ingroup bias. B. the mere exposure effect. C. the just-world phenomenon. D. the scapegoat theory. E. the reciprocity norm. 4. Ben hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Ben's behavior exemplifies the importance of: A. the mere exposure effect. B. informational social influence. C. normative social influence. D. social facilitation. E. the reciprocity norm. 5. Gender role refers to: A. one's biological sex. B. the sense of being male or female. C. the set of expected behaviors for males and for females. D. the sense of being homosexual or heterosexual. E. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is. 6. The best evidence that some fatal auto accidents and private airplane crashes may actually be intentional comes from the fact that these events have increased in frequency: A. when people thought they were being observed by others. B. following a highly publicized suicide. C. among people who have suffered the effects of deindividuation. D. shortly after people have committed the fundamental attribution error. E. during major holiday seasons. 7. Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their ________ or to their ________. A. heredity; environment B. dispositions; situations C. cognitions; emotions D. biological motives; psychological motives E. abilities; effort 8. Studies indicate that ________ prefer more personal space than do ________. A. Scandinavians; Latin Americans B. the French; the British C. Arabs; Americans D. women; men 9. Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because: A. he is unmotivated to do well in school. B. the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class. C. his parents had an argument the evening before the test. D. he was not given enough time to complete the test. 10. The frequent observation of television violence is most likely to lead 9-year-old Fred to: A. react with a sense of distress at the sight of two children fighting on the school playground. B. exaggerate the frequency of violent crimes in the world around him. C. be more inhibited about personally starting a fight on the school playground. D. experience a reduced sense of fear about the possibility of being personally assaulted. 11. The social roles assigned to women and men: A. are virtually the same in all cultures. B. have been virtually the same in all historical time periods. C. differ markedly across cultures. D. differ markedly across historical time periods but not across cultures. 12. Minimal levels of father care are associated with high levels of: A. conformity. B. aggression. C. social facilitation. D. group polarization. 13. Which theory best explains why our own actions can lead us to modify our attitudes? A. equity theory B. scapegoat theory C. cognitive dissonance theory D. social exchange theory E. the two-factor theory 14. Which of the following persons is most clearly acting aggressively? A. a noisy neighbor who often mows his lawn at 8 o'clock on Saturday mornings B. an assertive salesperson who interrupts your evening meal with a telephone sales pitch C. a child who tries to hit another child with a rock D. a careless motorist who accidentally hits a small child running in the street 15. Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because: A. the "learners" made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances. B. the "teachers" actually enjoyed shocking another person. C. the "learners" obediently accepted painful shocks without any protest. D. the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. E. of all the above reasons. 16. People tend to perceive the members of an outgroup as ________ each other and the members of an ingroup as ________ each other. A. different from; similar to B. similar to; different from C. similar to; similar to D. different from; different from 17. According to the scapegoat theory, prejudice is likely to result from: A. stereotypes. B. frustration. C. ingroup bias. D. the just-world phenomenon. E. self-serving bias. 18. Which of the following individuals most clearly adheres to a stereotype? A. Vladimir, who is especially attracted to Latin-American women B. Peter, who feels very uncomfortable interacting with African-Americans C. Robin, who is convinced that college professors are usually unfriendly and forgetful D. Cyril, who never hires people over age 50 to work in his restaurant 19. The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called: A. cognitive dissonance. B. group polarization. C. deindividuation. D. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E. the fundamental attribution error. 20. Genes are to the perpetuation of individuals as norms are to the perpetuation of: A. stereotypes. B. cultures. C. ingroup biases. D. social traps. E. gender schemas. 21. Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be: A. even more convinced that the death penalty should be abolished. B. convinced that the death penalty should be retained. C. sharply divided over whether the death penalty should be abolished. D. in favor of a more moderate position on the issue. 22. Sherif planned a disruption of the water supply in a Boy Scout camp in order to observe how social relationships are influenced by: A. ingroup bias. B. social traps. C. group polarization. D. superordinate goals. E. the mere exposure effect. 23. Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another? A. developmental psychology B. experimental psychology C. personality psychology D. social psychology E. clinical psychology 24. On extended visits to foreign countries, you would be most likely to observe: A. more men than women in leadership positions. B. women earning approximately the same amount of money as men. C. men and women equally involved in child care. D. men and women equally involved in violent crime. 25. Social loafing is most likely among: A. members of a game show audience instructed to applaud when the host appears on stage. B. factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity. C. a group of runners competing for first place in a race. D. students in a college class who are each assigned a different topic for their course term papers. Answer Sheet for Test "Social Psych - 18.tst", 5/25/04 No. in Q-Bank No. on Test Correct Answer 18.TB1 31 (a,a,-) 1 C Objective 4, p. 556 18.TB1 53 (a,c,-) 2 A Objective 6, p. 562 18.TB1 86 (b,b,-) 3 D Objective 9, p. 569 18.TB1 32 (b,b,-) 4 C Objective 4, p. 556 18.TB1 73 (a,a,-) 5 C Objective 8, p. 566 18.TB1 28 (a,b,-) 6 B Objective 4, p. 555 18.TB1 4 (a,b,-) 7 B Objective 1, p. 549 18.TB1 71 (a,b,-) 8 A Objective 8, p. 565 18.TB1 6 (b,c,-) 9 A Objective 1, pp. 549-550 18.TB1 103 (b,c,-) 10 B Objective 11, p. 576 18.TB1 76 (a,a,-) 11 C Objective 8, p. 566 18.TB1 100 (a,a,-) 12 B Objective 10, p. 574 18.TB1 25 (a,b,-) 13 C Objective 3, p. 554 18.TB1 95 (b,b,-) 14 C Objective 10, p. 571 18.TB1 38 (b,b,-) 15 D Objective 5, p. 557 18.TB1 88 (a,b,-) 16 B Objective 9, p. 570 18.TB1 85 (a,a,-) 17 B Objective 9, p. 569 18.TB1 78 (b,b,-) 18 C Objective 9, pp. 567-568 18.TB1 24 (a,a,-) 19 A Objective 3, p. 554 18.TB1 69 (b,b,-) 20 B Objective 8, p. 565 18.TB1 60 (b,c,-) 21 A Objective 7, p. 562 18.TB1 139 (a,c,-) 22 D Objective 16, p. 587 18.TB1 1 (a,a,-) 23 D Objective 1, p. 549 18.TB1 75 (b,a,-) 24 A Objective 8, p. 566 18.TB1 54 (b,c,-) 25 A Objective 6, p. 562